https://wirez.top/tags/asns/ Recent content in Asns on Wirez Hugo en Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://wirez.top/posts/asn-numbers-guide-why-95000-networks-chose-independence/ Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://wirez.top/posts/asn-numbers-guide-why-95000-networks-chose-independence/ <!-- wp:html --> <meta charset="utf-8"> <style> /* Platform CSS v3.0 */ :root { --primary-color: #4285f4; --primary-dark: #0057cc; --success-color: #34a853; --warning-color: #fbbc05; --error-color: #ea4335; --text-primary: #333333; --text-secondary: #666666; --text-light: #888888; --border-color: #e0e0e0; --background-light: #f8f9fa; --background-card: #ffffff; --background-code: #f5f5f5; --spacing-xs: 0.5rem; --spacing-sm: 1rem; --spacing-md: 1.5rem; --spacing-lg: 2rem; --border-radius: 8px; --border-radius-sm: 4px; --box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); --box-shadow-hover: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); } .section-title { color: var(--text-primary); margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0 var(--spacing-sm); font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 1.4rem); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; } .subsection-title { color: var(--text-primary); margin: var(--spacing-md) 0 var(--spacing-xs); font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.5vw, 1.2rem); font-weight: 600; } .std-text { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm); color: var(--text-primary); } .card { border: 1px solid var(--border-color); padding: var(--spacing-sm); background: var(--background-card); border-radius: var(--border-radius); margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease; } .card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow-hover); } .emoji-list { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; padding: 0.8rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color); color: var(--text-primary); } .emoji-list:last-child { border-bottom: none; } .emoji-list strong { color: var(--primary-color); font-weight: 600; } .table-container { width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md); border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); } .table-container + .table-container { margin-top: 1.5rem; } .data-table { width: 100%; min-width: 600px; border-collapse: collapse; background: white; } .data-table th, .data-table td { padding: var(--spacing-sm); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); font-size: 0.9rem; text-align: left; } .data-table th { background: var(--primary-color); color: white; font-weight: 700; white-space: nowrap; } .data-table td:first-child { font-weight: 700; } .data-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: #f8f9ff; } .data-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) td { background: #f8f9ff !important; } .data-table tbody tr:nth-child(odd) td { background: white !important; } .data-table tr:hover td { background: #e8f0fe !important; } .responsive-img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); } figure { margin: var(--spacing-lg) auto; text-align: center; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; display: block; } figure img { margin: 0 auto; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; } .img-caption { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text-secondary); text-align: center; margin-top: var(--spacing-xs); font-style: italic; } .responsive-list { padding-left: 1.5rem; margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0; line-height: 1.7; } .responsive-list li { margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs); padding-left: 0.5rem; } .responsive-list a { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; } .responsive-list a:hover { color: var(--primary-dark); text-decoration: underline; } .callout { display:flex; gap:16px; padding:20px; border-radius:12px; margin:24px 0; border-left:4px solid; } .callout-icon { font-size:24px; flex-shrink:0; } .callout-content { flex:1; } .callout-expert { background:#f0f7ff; border-color:#2563eb; } .callout-info { background:#f0fdf4; border-color:#16a34a; } .callout-warning { background:#fffbeb; border-color:#d97706; } .faq-section { margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0; padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0; border-top: 2px solid var(--border-color); } .faq-section-title { color: var(--text-primary); font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 1.4rem); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg); text-align: center; } .faq-item { background: var(--background-card); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: var(--border-radius); margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm); overflow: hidden; transition: all 0.3s ease; } .faq-item:hover { border-color: var(--primary-color); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow-hover); transform: translateY(-2px); } .faq-question { background: var(--background-light); padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md); cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: all 0.3s ease; border: none; width: 100%; text-align: left; font-family: inherit; } .faq-question:hover { background: #e8f0fe; } .faq-question-text { color: var(--text-primary); font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0; padding-right: 2rem; } .faq-answer { max-height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.4s ease, padding 0.4s ease; padding: 0 var(--spacing-md); } .faq-item.active .faq-answer { max-height: 1000px; padding: 0 var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-md); } .faq-answer-text { color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.7; margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0 0; } .about-section { background: var(--background-light); border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-color); border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-lg); margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0; } .about-section .std-text { color: var(--text-secondary); font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 0; } .conclusion-section { border-top: 2px solid var(--border-color); padding-top: var(--spacing-lg); margin-top: var(--spacing-lg); } .conclusion-section .std-text { font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.7; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .card { padding: 0.75rem; } .data-table { min-width: 100%; font-size: 0.8rem; } .data-table th, .data-table td { padding: 0.5rem 0.25rem; } .emoji-list { font-size: 0.95rem; } } @media (max-width: 480px) { .section-title { margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0 0.5rem; } .card { padding: 0.5rem; } .data-table th, .data-table td { padding: 0.4rem 0.2rem; font-size: 0.75rem; } } @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: 0.01ms !important; transition-duration: 0.01ms !important; } } </style> <!-- wp:html --> <style> /* CSS переменные для единообразного стиля */ :root { --primary-color: #4285f4; --primary-dark: #0057cc; --success-color: #34a853; --warning-color: #fbbc05; --error-color: #ea4335; --text-primary: #333333; --text-secondary: #666666; --text-light: #888888; --border-color: #e0e0e0; --background-light: #f8f9fa; --background-card: #ffffff; --background-code: #f5f5f5; --warning-bg: #fff8f8; --spacing-xs: 0.5rem; --spacing-sm: 1rem; --spacing-md: 1.5rem; --spacing-lg: 2rem; --border-radius: 8px; --border-radius-sm: 4px; --box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); --box-shadow-hover: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); } /* Основные стили */ .article-marker { background: var(--primary-color); color: white; text-align: center; padding: var(--spacing-sm); margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm); border: 2px dashed var(--primary-dark); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); } .main-title { margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md); font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2rem); font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-primary); line-height: 1.2; } .section-title { color: var(--text-primary); margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0 var(--spacing-sm); font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 1.4rem); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; } .subsection-title { color: var(--text-primary); margin: var(--spacing-md) 0 var(--spacing-xs); font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.5vw, 1.2rem); font-weight: 600; } .std-text { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm); color: var(--text-primary); } /* Улучшенные карточки */ .card { border: 1px solid var(--border-color); padding: var(--spacing-sm); background: var(--background-card); border-radius: var(--border-radius); margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease; } .card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow-hover); } .warning-box { border: 1px solid var(--error-color); padding: var(--spacing-sm); background: var(--warning-bg); border-radius: var(--border-radius); margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); } .warning-title { color: var(--error-color); margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.1rem; } /* Emoji списки с лучшими отступами */ .emoji-list { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; padding: 0.8rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color); color: var(--text-primary); background: transparent; } .emoji-list:last-child { border-bottom: none; margin-bottom: 0; } .emoji-list strong { color: var(--primary-color); font-weight: 600; } /* Адаптивные таблицы */ .table-container { width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md); border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); } .data-table { width: 100%; min-width: 600px; border-collapse: collapse; background: white; } .data-table th, .data-table td { padding: var(--spacing-sm); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); font-size: 0.9rem; text-align: left; } .data-table th { background: var(--primary-color); color: white; font-weight: 700; white-space: nowrap; } .data-table td:first-child { font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.9rem; } .data-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: #f8f9ff; } /* Убираем синий фон с первой строки tbody */ .data-table tbody tr:first-child { background: transparent !important; color: inherit !important; } .data-table tbody tr:first-child td { background: transparent !important; color: inherit !important; } /* Правильное чередование строк */ .data-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) td { background: #f8f9ff !important; } .data-table tbody tr:nth-child(odd) td { background: white !important; } .data-table tr:hover td { background: #e8f0fe; } .data-table-caption { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text-secondary); text-align: center; margin-top: var(--spacing-xs); font-style: italic; } /* Улучшенные статус-теги */ .status-tag { display: inline-block; padding: 4px 8px; color: white; border-radius: 16px; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); } .status-green { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--success-color), #2d8f47); } .status-blue { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), #3367d6); } .status-yellow { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--warning-color), #f9ab00); color: #333; } .status-red { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--error-color), #d33b2c); } /* Адаптивные блоки кода */ .code-block { font-family: 'Courier New', Consolas, Monaco, monospace; font-size: 0.85rem; background: var(--background-code); color: var(--text-primary); padding: var(--spacing-sm); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: var(--border-radius); margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md); overflow-x: auto; line-height: 1.5; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); } /* Адаптивные изображения */ .responsive-img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); } .img-caption { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text-secondary); text-align: center; margin-top: var(--spacing-xs); font-style: italic; } /* Адаптивные списки */ .responsive-list { padding-left: 1.5rem; margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0; line-height: 1.7; } .responsive-list li { margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs); padding-left: 0.5rem; } .responsive-list a { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; transition: color 0.2s ease; } .responsive-list a:hover { color: var(--primary-dark); text-decoration: underline; } /* Медиа-запросы для мобильных устройств */ @media (max-width: 768px) { .article-marker { font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 0.75rem; margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0; } .card, .warning-box { padding: 0.75rem; margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm); } .data-table { min-width: 100%; font-size: 0.8rem; } .data-table th, .data-table td { padding: 0.5rem 0.25rem; } .status-tag { font-size: 0.7rem; padding: 3px 6px; } .code-block { font-size: 0.8rem; padding: 0.75rem; } .emoji-list { font-size: 0.95rem; line-height: 1.6; } .responsive-list { padding-left: 1rem; } } @media (max-width: 480px) { .section-title { margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0 0.5rem; } .subsection-title { margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0 0.5rem; } .card, .warning-box { padding: 0.5rem; } .data-table th, .data-table td { padding: 0.4rem 0.2rem; font-size: 0.75rem; } .code-block { font-size: 0.75rem; padding: 0.5rem; } } /* Улучшение доступности */ @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .card, .status-tag, .responsive-list a { transition: none; } } </style> <!-- /wp:html --> <style>:root{--text-primary:var(--text,#333333);--background-card:var(--bg-card,#ffffff);--background-light:var(--bg-subtle,#f8f9fa);--background-code:var(--bg-subtle,#f5f5f5);--border-color:var(--border,#e0e0e0)}</style> <!-- /wp:html --> <!-- wp:html --> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "What breaks if I rely on an upstream provider for IP addresses?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Relying on providers forces painful network renumbering during switches. This migration can take weeks or months to complete, causing random connectivity problems for users throughout the transition period." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "How does a public ASN enable direct connection to Microsoft services?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "A public ASN allows direct interconnection with Microsoft Azure Peering Service. This setup improves performance and reduces costs while enhancing security for Dynamics 365 and Microsoft 365 services." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What specific benefit does connecting to an IXP provide?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Connecting to an Internet Exchange point reduces dependency on upstream transit providers. At AMS-IX, you can exchange traffic with almost 900 networks, increasing your overall network flexibility significantly." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Why are private ASNs insufficient for global routing needs?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Private ASNs vanish from the global routing view entirely. They work only inside limited domains, making them unsuitable for organizations requiring worldwide reach or direct peering capabilities." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "How did the original BGP concept scale since 1989?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "The protocol sketched on napkins now supports over 105,000 assigned ASNs globally. This growth includes cloud providers and financial institutions that require independent routing policies today." } } ] } </script> <!-- /wp:html --> <!-- wp:html --> <style> .faq-section { margin: 24px 0; padding: 24px 0; border-top: 2px solid #e5e7eb; } .faq-section-title { color: #1a1a1a; font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 1.4rem); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 24px; text-align: center; } .faq-item { background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; border-radius: 8px; margin-bottom: 12px; overflow: hidden; transition: all 0.3s ease; } .faq-item:hover { border-color: #2563eb; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); transform: translateY(-2px); } .faq-question { background: #f9fafb; padding: 12px 16px; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: all 0.3s ease; border: none; width: 100%; text-align: left; font-family: inherit; display: block; } .faq-question:hover { background: #e8f0fe; } .faq-question-text { color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0; padding-right: 2rem; display: inline-block; } .faq-answer { max-height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.4s ease, padding 0.4s ease; padding: 0 16px; } .faq-item.active .faq-answer { max-height: 1000px; padding: 0 16px 16px; } .faq-answer-text { color: #4b5563; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.7; margin: 12px 0 0; } </style> <script> (function() { function initFAQ() { var qs = document.querySelectorAll(".faq-question"); for (var i = 0; i < qs.length; i++) { qs[i].addEventListener("click", function() { var item = this.closest(".faq-item"); var wasActive = item.classList.contains("active"); var allItems = document.querySelectorAll(".faq-item"); for (var j = 0; j < allItems.length; j++) { allItems[j].classList.remove("active"); } if (!wasActive) item.classList.add("active"); this.setAttribute("aria-expanded", String(!wasActive)); }); } } if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", initFAQ); } else { initFAQ(); } })(); </script> <!-- /wp:html --> <!-- wp:html --> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "TechArticle", "headline": "The Role of Autonomous System Numbers in Global Internet Routing", "description": "Over 105,000 ASNs now route traffic globally, proving the 1989 sketch on \"three ketchup-stained napkins\" scaled beyond expectation. This article argues that ...", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Alexander Timokhin" }, "datePublished": "2026-07-01T08:22:29.140Z", "url": "https://www.ams-ix.net/ams/stories/how-stuff-works-what-is-an-asn-and-why-do-you-need-it", "inLanguage": "en", "wordCount": 3057, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "InterLIR" }, "speakable": { "@type": "SpeakableSpecification", "cssSelector": [ ".article-intro", ".faq-answer" ] }, "about": [ { "@type": "Thing", "name": "Autonomous System Number (ASN)" } ] } </script> <!-- /wp:html --> <!-- wp:paragraph {"className":"std-text"} --> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {"className":"std-text"} --> <p class="std-text">Over 105,000 ASNs now route traffic globally, a far cry from the 1989 sketch on &quot;three ketchup-stained napkins&quot; that started it all. <strong>Border Gateway Protocol</strong> relies on these identifiers to enforce distinct routing policies across independent IP networks. The technical divide is stark: 16-bit ranges cap at 65,534, while the expanded 32-bit space reaches 4,294,967,294, according to Cloudflare data. Early adopters like ISPs and government agencies hoarded these assets; today, modern cloud providers demand them for multi-homing capabilities.</p>