
Deep space networking: Why TCP fails now
TCP breaks when roundtrips span hours. See why 4 million Starlink users prove IP works, but Mars needs a new approach.

TCP breaks when roundtrips span hours. See why 4 million Starlink users prove IP works, but Mars needs a new approach.

Submarine cables carry 99% of traffic, yet Pacific islands lack carrier-neutral IXPs. We analyze how local policy prevents single points of failure.